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1. Recognize which patients are at risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).
2. Assess patients with CKD by analyzing risk factors, the urinalysis, and labs.
3. Explain the five stages of CKD, their associated complications, and their treatment and prognosis.
4. Appraise how to prepare patients for renal replacement therapy (dialysis and/or transplant).
5. Discuss how the kidneys control blood pressure, and understand the roles the various classes of anti-hypertensive medications play in the treatment of hypertension.
6. Choose the best method of patient education to promote compliance with dietary restrictions.

Accurately Assessing Kidney Function

• Interpreting Lab Tests
  • BUN
  • Creatinine
  • GFR
• Urinalysis
  • Normal Findings
  • Proteinuria
  • Hematuria
• Indications for Imaging Studies
  • Ultrasound
  • CT Scan
  • Angiogram
  • IVP

Recognizing the 5 Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

• Screening Recommendations
• The Possible Cause
• Accurate Staging
• Common Complications Including:
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Anemia
  • Acidosis
  • Malnutrition
• Management Strategies
  • Recommended Medications
  • Dietary Restrictions
• Predicting Outcomes
  • Rate of Decline
  • Onset of ESRD

The Kidneys and Hypertension

• Goals for Blood Pressure Control
• Choosing the Appropriate Medications
  • Diuretics
  • ACE Inhibitors
  • ARBs
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Beta & Alpha Blockers
• Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
  • Lab & Imaging Findings
  • Prognosis

The Kidneys and Diabetes

• Urinalysis
  • Screening & Monitoring
  • Frequency of Testing
• Diabetic Nephropathy
  • Controlling BP & Glucose
  • Recommendations for Treatment

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

• Deciphering the Cause
  • Medications
  • Contrast Dye
  • Shock
  • Glomerulonephritis
  • Urinary Tract Obstruction
• Reversible vs. Irreversible
• Identifying the Signs & Symptoms
• Monitoring the Patient
• Appropriate Interventions

Kidney Disease & Nutrition

• Diet for CKD & AKI
• Dietary Interventions:
  • Sodium
  • Phosphorus
  • Potassium
  • Protein
• When to Use & Why

End-Stage Renal Disease

• Hemodialysis & Access Issues
• Peritoneal Dialysis
• Transplant
  • Cadaveric vs. Living Donor
  • Pre-Transplant Considerations
  • Post-Transplant Care
• Complications of Therapy
  • Infection
  • Rejection
  • Cancer
• Psychosocial Support
• Transitioning to Palliative Care or Hospice

Patient Education & Compliance

• Strategies to Prevent Non-Compliance
• Cultural Considerations
• Avoiding Re-Admission
• Incorporating the Family

Carla J. Moschella, MS, PA-C, RD, is a physician assistant and registered dietitian with over 25 years of clinical experience in internal medicine, gastroenterology, and internal medicine. She received her Master of Science degree in Medical Dietetics from Framingham State College in Massachusetts and her Physician Associate Certificate from Yale University School of Medicine. She was employed for several years as a physician assistant in nephrology at Tufts Medical Center in Boston. In that capacity, she managed patients with all stages of chronic kidney disease, including those who were undergoing evaluation for a kidney transplant and those who already had received one.

Carla has lectured at many national and state conferences on kidney disease, including at the National Kidney Foundation's annual meetings, at the physician assistant's national conference in New Orleans, and at several physician assistant state associations, including Arizona, Maine, Massachusetts, and Vermont. She is the author of the chapter on nephrology in Lange Q&A Physician Assistant Examination, published by McGraw-Hill, the PA text for preparation for the national certifying and recertifying exams. She authored an article on the National Kidney Foundation's practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease in the Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, and she co-authored an article entitled, "Interaction between cyclosporin A and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) following organ transplantation" in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases. Carla is a member of Pi Alpha, the national honor society for physician assistants, and Alpha Eta, the national honor society for allied health professionals.

Speaker Disclosures:

Financial: Carla Moschella an employment relationship with Logistics Health Inc. She receives speaking honorarium from PESI, Inc.

Non-financial: Carla Moschella has no relevant non-financial relationship to disclose.

Save time and $10 off the price of other submission methods – purchase & take the CE test online for $9.99 USD per participant. Additional processing fees apply for other submission methods (i.e. mail, fax, etc.). Please contact our Customer Service at 1-800-844-8260 for more details.

Listed below are the continuing education credit(s) currently available for this non-interactive self-study package. Please note, your state licensing board dictates whether self study is an acceptable form of continuing education. Please refer to your state rules and regulations.

Certificates of Successful Completion are available for email, download and/or printing from your online account immediately following the successful completion of the post-test/evaluation.

**Materials that are included in this course may include interventions and modalities that are beyond the authorized practice of mental health professionals. As a licensed professional, you are responsible for reviewing the scope of practice, including activities that are defined in law as beyond the boundaries of practice in accordance with and in compliance with your professions standards.

All members of the PESI, Inc. planning committee have provided disclosures of financial relationships with ineligible organizations and any relevant non-financial relationships prior to planning content for this activity. None of the committee members had relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies or other potentially biasing relationships to disclose to learners. For speaker disclosures, please see the faculty biography.

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Nurses/Nurse Practitioners/Clinical Nurse Specialists - Credit Expired: 12/7/2019
No CE available for this board.

California Nurses: PESI, Inc. is a provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider #:17118 for 6.0 self-study contact hours.

You will need to provide your license number to PESI. PESI must have this number on file in order for your hours to be valid.

Florida Nurses: PESI, Inc. is an approved provider by the Florida Board of Nursing. Provider #: FBN2858. These materials qualify for 6.0 self-study contact hours.

Iowa Nurses: PESI, Inc. is an approved provider by the Iowa Board of Nursing. Provider #: 346. Nurses successfully completing these self-study materials will earn 6.3 self-study contact hours.

Copies of the evaluation may be sent to the IBON. You will need to provide your license number to PESI. PESI must have this number on file in order for your hours to be valid.

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Pharmacology Nurse Practitioners
This self-study program offers 120 instructional minutes of pharmacology content which is designed to qualify for 2.0 contact hours toward your pharmacology requirement.

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Other Professions
This self-study activity qualifies for 6.25 clock hours of instructional content as required by many national, state and local licensing boards and professional organizations. Retain your certificate of completion and contact your board or organization for specific filing requirements.

Disclaimer: **Information obtained in this course should be used within your scope of practice.
**It is your ethical responsibility to report accurate hours to your licensing board.
**All self-study participants must complete and pass (80% or better) a post-test and evaluation prior to receiving a certificate of completion. If you require a copy of the test/evaluation for CE purposes, please print at the time you take the test. Or you may call our customer service department and a copy of your test/evaluation will be emailed to you. Please allow 30-45 days.

Nurses, Physician Assistants and other Healthcare Professionals